پژوهشنامه حج و زیارت
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 19، زمستان 1401)

The jurisprudential analysis of the stand of the husband’s permission for his temporary wife to perform the recommended Hajj pilgrimage is the primary issue in this article. Understanding the fundamental principles of the imperative ruling and the positive ruling is essential to understanding this issue. The fundamental principles governing the issue are the principle of the authenticity of non-liability in the imperative ruling and the principle of the authenticity of correctness in the positive ruling, but there are some specificities and generalizations regarding these principles; for instance, the specificity of the narratives regarding the necessity of the husband’s consent for his wife in performing the recommended Hajj, the specificity of the prohibition of Idha, the specificity of the prohibition of leaving home, the specificity of the wife’s duty of submission to her husband, the general binding rules regarding contracts and lease, and the generality of non-offense. The most significant restriction of these specificities is the verbal analogy, indicating that the ruling on the necessity of obedience and the permission for leaving home is specific to a permanent marriage, not an absolute, and that general necessity based on marriage is not applicable in all situations. According to the findings of this research, carried out using software and library sources, the husband must provide his consent if his wife’s Hajj pilgrimage interferes with his rights. Accordingly, the decision on the issue is based on the situation and by the use of the set of proofs.

Menstruation is one of the issues that women encounter when they travel to Mecca to undertake ‘Umra al-Tamattu. The emergence of various and contradictory narratives is a challenge for jurists in resolving this issue. There are two ways to settle the dispute between the narratives and come to a decision in this case: the well-known method is based on the pairwise weighing of opposing arguments. Under this premise, six distinct and occasionally at odds rulings are obtained regarding the relevant issue, and the method used by this group of jurists has a problem with the conflict of the extracted rulings. The second method, the ratio revolution technique, provides more than 10 different measurement possibilities between the reasons, each of which produces a different set of outcomes. The causeless priority of each ratio is the method’s flaw. However, it appears that this issue can be resolved by examining and matching the two models put forth in the aforementioned jurisprudential sub-principle and by extracting some regulations regarding the way of prioritizing of different ratio metric. The results of accepting the ratio revolution theory in the aforementioned jurisprudential sub-principle can be clearly seen.

The pilgrimage of Haer Ḥusaynī is one of the best acts of worship that is strongly recommended in narratives. Throughout history, oppressive governments have attempted to destroy the artifacts of the Imam’s shrine and prohibit its pilgrimage. Instead, the Imams (as) encouraged the Shiites to go on their pilgrimage even at the time of being afraid and in danger. We examined the jurisprudential-narrative aspects of the conflict of these narratives with the proofs of the need to save life, the proofs that negate the rulings of harm, the proofs of the legitimacy of taqīyah, and the proofs of the prohibition of self-destruction in the Qur’an - on the premise of the time-based generality of the narratives - in this article. We a discussed the general proofs that prevent the specificity of the narratives, including the fact that the specificities of self-preservation are dominant in life-threatening situations but that observing these narratives is perfectly acceptable in other situations. If we consider the significance of the aforementioned narratives to be related to the time of their issuance, these narratives will lose the qualification of reasoning and conflictions with the generalities of the obligation of self-preservation, and the generalities of the narratives encouraging the pilgrimage of Haer Ḥusaynī (as) will be subject to the aforementioned general rules. As a result, there will be no distinction between the individuality and generality intents of these narratives.

Graves cannot serve as mosques according to Shia and Sunni narrations, which view this as a Jewish tradition. These narrations appear to be at odds not just with Surah Al-Kahf verse 21 but also with the verses that speak of the persecution and murdering of the prophets by the Jews. In this article, we are going to ascertain the status of the great figures’ tombs in Jewish culture from a trans-Islamic perspective and in a descriptive-analytical manner. According to biblical sources,  pilgrimage, prayer, and even prostration before the great figures’ graves were among Jewish “popular traditions” (minhag ha'am). Some Jewish jurists attempted to restrict these traditions, concerned that they might turn into polytheistic practices. Islamic narrations suggest that during the Prophet’s lifetime, the Hijaz and its surroundings underwent a polytheistic transformation of these Jewish traditions. Then, these prohibitions started to appear in the Islamic narrations as a result of the worry that such practices would affect Muslims.

The factors that affect the selection of managers for Hajj tamattu, and their identification and interrelationships were discussed in this paper. Fifty-three indicators were found by reading the literature and reviewing the checklists of the Hajj and Pilgrimage Organization to determine the factors that affect the selection of managers. For this purpose, a questionnaire was created. Nine out of the fifty-three indicators were confirmed after the questionnaire’s validity and reliability were examined and copies of the questionnaire were filled out by experts. The Dimtel method was used to examine the impact of each indicator on the others. For this purpose, the degree of significance and the effects of the indicators on each other among the nine confirmed ones were determined with the help of the experts. According to the findings, the selection of managers for Hajj tamattu was most influenced by the number of training courses successfully completed, the length of the training course completed, and the job kind, respectively. This research revealed that the number of training courses completed is the most affecting indicator and the experience of dispatching Hajj pilgrims is the most affected one.

This research aims to identify and analyze the factors that affect the supply chain of religious tourism in Iran. This applied research enjoys an exploratory mixed approach and a descriptive-correlation methodology. In the qualitative stage, the statistical population included 30 experts selected by objective judgment and snowball sampling method. In the quantitative stage, there were 950 religious tourism experts, out of whom 274 were determined to be the sample size based on the Krejcie and Morgan Table by simple random sampling. The structural equation modeling with Smart PLS3 software was used to analyze the relationships once the factors were identified using the Delphi method. The Delphi findings identified 98 factors in 10 dimensions (accommodation, transportation, tourism centers, reception in shopping centers, environment and energy, travel agencies and tours, security and safety, management and economy, and information and communication) that affect the supply chain of Iranian religious tourism. Also, the structural equations results revealed that the 10 aforementioned dimensions affected this supply chain positively and significantly by (0.495), (0.307), (0.386), (0.394), (0.361), (0.344), (0.332), (0.372), (0.420), and (0.389), respectively.